@Master @Gymcelled @SergeantIncel
--- --- -- --- --
Women. We all know what they are; the sex distributers of our world who reward those with good genetics and look upon those without with scorn. But what you may not know about them is that women are willing to leave their partner at any moment, it is impossible for a women to be truly loyal and devoted to their partner.
Leaving one mating relationship and entering another, serial mating, is commonly observed in many cultures. An array of circumstances can prompt a mate switch. These include
(1) unanticipated costs inflicted by one's mate, or ‘relationship load,’ not apparent on the initial mate selection;
(2) changes in the mate value of either partner, creating discrepancies where none previously existed; and
(3) the arrival of a new and interested potential mate of sufficiently incremental value to offset the costs of a breakup.
The mate switching hypothesis suggests that these circumstances created adaptive problems throughout human evolution that forged adaptations to antici- pate and appraise opportunities to mate-switch, implement exit strategies, and manage challenges confronted in the aftermath. We review several studies that support various aspects of the mate switching hypothesis:
The cultivation of ‘back-up mates,’ assessing mate-inflicted costs that comprise relationship load, monitoring self- ishly-skewed welfare tradeoff ratios in a partner, gauging mate value discrepancies, and anticipating sexual, emo- tional, and economic infidelities. The mate switching hypothesis provides both a complementary, and in some instances a competing, explanation to the ‘good genes’ hypothesis for why women have sexual affairs, and par- simoniously explains a host of other mating phenomena that remain inexplicable on alternative accounts.
Assessment of mate value cannot be a static snapshot at a single point in time. Any dimension of mate value—such as emotional stability, dependability, extant encumbering commitments, status and resource trajectories—may be in flux at any time and require temporal tracking. The need for tracking does not end after a mate is selected. A mate showing stellar career promise may fail to live up to expectations. And because people in the courting stage often disguise their flaws (Haselton, Buss, Oubaid, & Angleitner, 2005) and conceal their relation- ship load (Buss, 2006), a seemingly altruistic partner could, over time, reveal a heaviy load or a more selfishly skewed welfare tradeoff ratio. Some elements of mate value are only revealed after mate selection.
Evidence suggests that women indeed continue to track their partner's mate value across the relationship and use this information to invest or disinvest from relationships.
Women are in favour of swapping parters once a mate with perceived higher value enters the pool,
Relationship satisfaction is hypothesized to be an internal regulatory variable that functions to calibrate relationship behaviors in response to the fitness costs and benefits of the relationship (Conroy-Beam, Goetz, & Buss, 2015). Individuals show decreased relationship satisfaction when they perceive they are higher in mate value than their romantic partner, but only if there exist highly desirable alternatives in the mating pool
-- -- --
According to the mate switching hypothesis, affairs serve several key functions. First, affairs serve as a form of mate insurance, keeping a backup mate in tow should a switch become warranted at some point in the future (Greiling & Buss, 2000). Second, they allow opportunities for close-up assessment of an alternative mate, information that would be difficult or impossible to gauge from a distance. Affairs allow more accurate assays of the three key qualities of the potential mate—mate value, interest, and availability. They also afford more accu- rate tests of compatibility, be it sexual or emotional, or synchronization of long-term goals. In this sense, affairs can function as trial runs, simu- lations of a long-term relationship, without making a full commitment.
Information gleaned from affairs provide input into decisions about whether to stay with the current mate, switch to the affair partner, or seek an alternative affair partner. In addition to providing information about alternative mates, affairs provide feedback to a woman about her own current mate value. By assessing who returns her flirtations, who responds to her sexual overtures, and who is willing to invest in her, she has a better sense of the quality of mate she is able to attract.
-- -- --
In addition to cultivating backup mates, a key prediction made by the mate switching hypothesis is that women instigate affairs in order to switch to a better potential mate. Extra-pair affairs vary. Some are purely emotional; others are brief sexual encounters. Some involve both sexual and emotional intimacy, affairs that can last months or even years.
SOURCE:
REFERENCES FROM THE STUDY:
Aktipis, C. A. (2004). Know when to walk away: Contingent movement and the evolution of cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 231, 249–260.
Aktipis, C. A. (2011). Is cooperation viable in mobile organisms? Simple Walk Away rule favors the evolution of cooperation in groups. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 263–276.
Anderson, K. (2006). How well does paternity confidence match actual paternity? Current Anthropology, 47(3), 513–520.
Battaglia, D. M., Richard, F. D., Datteri, D. L., & Lord, C. G. (1998). Breaking up is (relatively) easy to do: A script for the dissolution of close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 829–845.
Betzig, L. L. (1986). Despotism and differential reproduction: A Darwinian view of history. Aldine Publishing Co.
Betzig, L. (1989). Causes of conjugal dissolution: A cross-cultural study. Current Anthropology, 30, 654–676.
Bleske-Rechek, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Opposite sex friendship: Sex differences and similarities in initiation, selection, and dissolution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1310–1323.
Borgerhoff Mulder, M. B. (1995). Bridewealth and its correlates: Quantifying changes over time. Current Anthropology, 36(4), 573–603.
Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., & Beaver, K. M. (2015). When love dies: Further elucidating the existence of a mate ejection module. Review of General Psychology, 19(1), 30. Buss, D. M. (1994/2003). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York:
Basic Books.
Buss, D. M. (2005). The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill. New York:
Holt.
Buss, D. M. (2006). The evolutionary genetics of personality: Does mutation load signal
relationship load? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 409.
Buss, D. M. (2016). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating (revised 3rd ed.).
New York: Basic Books.
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2008). Adaptations for exploitation. Group Dynamics: Theory,
Research, and Practice, 12, 53–62.
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2011). The evolution of intimate partner violence. Aggression
and Violent Behavior, 16, 411–419.
--- --- -- --- --
Women. We all know what they are; the sex distributers of our world who reward those with good genetics and look upon those without with scorn. But what you may not know about them is that women are willing to leave their partner at any moment, it is impossible for a women to be truly loyal and devoted to their partner.
The Mate Switching Hypothesis
-[]- -[]- -[]-
-[]- -[]- -[]-
Leaving one mating relationship and entering another, serial mating, is commonly observed in many cultures. An array of circumstances can prompt a mate switch. These include
(1) unanticipated costs inflicted by one's mate, or ‘relationship load,’ not apparent on the initial mate selection;
(2) changes in the mate value of either partner, creating discrepancies where none previously existed; and
(3) the arrival of a new and interested potential mate of sufficiently incremental value to offset the costs of a breakup.
The mate switching hypothesis suggests that these circumstances created adaptive problems throughout human evolution that forged adaptations to antici- pate and appraise opportunities to mate-switch, implement exit strategies, and manage challenges confronted in the aftermath. We review several studies that support various aspects of the mate switching hypothesis:
The cultivation of ‘back-up mates,’ assessing mate-inflicted costs that comprise relationship load, monitoring self- ishly-skewed welfare tradeoff ratios in a partner, gauging mate value discrepancies, and anticipating sexual, emo- tional, and economic infidelities. The mate switching hypothesis provides both a complementary, and in some instances a competing, explanation to the ‘good genes’ hypothesis for why women have sexual affairs, and par- simoniously explains a host of other mating phenomena that remain inexplicable on alternative accounts.
Assessment of mate value cannot be a static snapshot at a single point in time. Any dimension of mate value—such as emotional stability, dependability, extant encumbering commitments, status and resource trajectories—may be in flux at any time and require temporal tracking. The need for tracking does not end after a mate is selected. A mate showing stellar career promise may fail to live up to expectations. And because people in the courting stage often disguise their flaws (Haselton, Buss, Oubaid, & Angleitner, 2005) and conceal their relation- ship load (Buss, 2006), a seemingly altruistic partner could, over time, reveal a heaviy load or a more selfishly skewed welfare tradeoff ratio. Some elements of mate value are only revealed after mate selection.
Evidence suggests that women indeed continue to track their partner's mate value across the relationship and use this information to invest or disinvest from relationships.
What's more is that the 'mate-switch' is often in favour of better genetics, a more attractive male
Women are in favour of swapping parters once a mate with perceived higher value enters the pool,
Relationship satisfaction is hypothesized to be an internal regulatory variable that functions to calibrate relationship behaviors in response to the fitness costs and benefits of the relationship (Conroy-Beam, Goetz, & Buss, 2015). Individuals show decreased relationship satisfaction when they perceive they are higher in mate value than their romantic partner, but only if there exist highly desirable alternatives in the mating pool
-- -- --
According to the mate switching hypothesis, affairs serve several key functions. First, affairs serve as a form of mate insurance, keeping a backup mate in tow should a switch become warranted at some point in the future (Greiling & Buss, 2000). Second, they allow opportunities for close-up assessment of an alternative mate, information that would be difficult or impossible to gauge from a distance. Affairs allow more accurate assays of the three key qualities of the potential mate—mate value, interest, and availability. They also afford more accu- rate tests of compatibility, be it sexual or emotional, or synchronization of long-term goals. In this sense, affairs can function as trial runs, simu- lations of a long-term relationship, without making a full commitment.
Information gleaned from affairs provide input into decisions about whether to stay with the current mate, switch to the affair partner, or seek an alternative affair partner. In addition to providing information about alternative mates, affairs provide feedback to a woman about her own current mate value. By assessing who returns her flirtations, who responds to her sexual overtures, and who is willing to invest in her, she has a better sense of the quality of mate she is able to attract.
-- -- --
In addition to cultivating backup mates, a key prediction made by the mate switching hypothesis is that women instigate affairs in order to switch to a better potential mate. Extra-pair affairs vary. Some are purely emotional; others are brief sexual encounters. Some involve both sexual and emotional intimacy, affairs that can last months or even years.
SOURCE:
https://labs.la.utexas.edu/buss/files/2013/02/The-Mate-Switching-Hypothesis-FINAL-PUBLISHED-2017.pdf
REFERENCES FROM THE STUDY:
Aktipis, C. A. (2004). Know when to walk away: Contingent movement and the evolution of cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 231, 249–260.
Aktipis, C. A. (2011). Is cooperation viable in mobile organisms? Simple Walk Away rule favors the evolution of cooperation in groups. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 263–276.
Anderson, K. (2006). How well does paternity confidence match actual paternity? Current Anthropology, 47(3), 513–520.
Battaglia, D. M., Richard, F. D., Datteri, D. L., & Lord, C. G. (1998). Breaking up is (relatively) easy to do: A script for the dissolution of close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 829–845.
Betzig, L. L. (1986). Despotism and differential reproduction: A Darwinian view of history. Aldine Publishing Co.
Betzig, L. (1989). Causes of conjugal dissolution: A cross-cultural study. Current Anthropology, 30, 654–676.
Bleske-Rechek, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Opposite sex friendship: Sex differences and similarities in initiation, selection, and dissolution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1310–1323.
Borgerhoff Mulder, M. B. (1995). Bridewealth and its correlates: Quantifying changes over time. Current Anthropology, 36(4), 573–603.
Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., & Beaver, K. M. (2015). When love dies: Further elucidating the existence of a mate ejection module. Review of General Psychology, 19(1), 30. Buss, D. M. (1994/2003). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York:
Basic Books.
Buss, D. M. (2005). The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill. New York:
Holt.
Buss, D. M. (2006). The evolutionary genetics of personality: Does mutation load signal
relationship load? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 409.
Buss, D. M. (2016). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating (revised 3rd ed.).
New York: Basic Books.
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2008). Adaptations for exploitation. Group Dynamics: Theory,
Research, and Practice, 12, 53–62.
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2011). The evolution of intimate partner violence. Aggression
and Violent Behavior, 16, 411–419.
