https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/15/6/961/206356
>We compare genetic paternity with various behavioral indices of male mating success, and we find that the behavioral measures provide a good estimate of the variance in male reproductive success. Only 28.2% of males achieved paternities, and among these, harem holders accounted for 89.6%.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal
>Elephant seals are among the seals that can stay on land for the longest periods of time, as they can stay dry for several consecutive weeks each year. Males arrive in the colonies earlier than the females and fight for control of harems when they arrive.[18] Large body size confers advantages in fighting and the agonistic relationships of the bulls gives rise to a dominance hierarchy, with access to harems and activity within harems being determined by rank.[19]The dominant bulls (“harem masters”) establish harems of several dozen females. The least successful males have no harems, but may try to copulate with a harem male's females when the male is not looking. The majority of primiparous females and a significant proportion of multiparous females mate at sea with roaming males away from harems.[20]
>An elephant seal must stay in his territory to defend it, which could mean months without eating, having to live on his blubber storage. Two fighting males use their weight and canine teeth against each other. The outcome is rarely fatal, and the defeated bull will flee; however, bulls can suffer severe tears and cuts. Some males can stay ashore for more than three months without food. Males commonly vocalize with a coughing roar that serves in both individual recognition and size assessment.[19] Conflicts between high-ranking males are more often resolved with posturing and vocalizing than with physical contact.[19]
Basically the alpha seals get all the females; the betas get nothing or scraps. More than 70% of males never reproduce. They're the ultimate incel mammal.
>We compare genetic paternity with various behavioral indices of male mating success, and we find that the behavioral measures provide a good estimate of the variance in male reproductive success. Only 28.2% of males achieved paternities, and among these, harem holders accounted for 89.6%.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal
>Elephant seals are among the seals that can stay on land for the longest periods of time, as they can stay dry for several consecutive weeks each year. Males arrive in the colonies earlier than the females and fight for control of harems when they arrive.[18] Large body size confers advantages in fighting and the agonistic relationships of the bulls gives rise to a dominance hierarchy, with access to harems and activity within harems being determined by rank.[19]The dominant bulls (“harem masters”) establish harems of several dozen females. The least successful males have no harems, but may try to copulate with a harem male's females when the male is not looking. The majority of primiparous females and a significant proportion of multiparous females mate at sea with roaming males away from harems.[20]
>An elephant seal must stay in his territory to defend it, which could mean months without eating, having to live on his blubber storage. Two fighting males use their weight and canine teeth against each other. The outcome is rarely fatal, and the defeated bull will flee; however, bulls can suffer severe tears and cuts. Some males can stay ashore for more than three months without food. Males commonly vocalize with a coughing roar that serves in both individual recognition and size assessment.[19] Conflicts between high-ranking males are more often resolved with posturing and vocalizing than with physical contact.[19]
Basically the alpha seals get all the females; the betas get nothing or scraps. More than 70% of males never reproduce. They're the ultimate incel mammal.
