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Abstract
The single lifestyle has become prevalent in Indonesia, whose society strongly upholds the universality of marriage. The societal view of marriage is favorable despite the growth of individualism and the erosion of many conservative values as a result of modernization and globalization. Being single past the social normed marriage age is perceived as deviant in Indonesia. Yet the number of singles delaying marriage or choosing not to marry is increasing and following international trends. People in this category are often defined negatively and may be subjected to derogation. This review examines the relationship between modernization, including online technology, and explores various coping strategies in managing social stigma. The method of this narrative review used a set of criteria to identify relevant contemporary studies mainly published over the last 15 years and discusses the findings and implications of the literature. The findings revealed that the impacts of modernization are inevitable and are changing younger people's values and expectations of marriage leading to a delay in marriage or choosing not to marry. This occurs despite the persistence of conservative social values that maintain a strong pressure toward marriage. Singles opt to develop a number of strategies for managing the tension between traditional social values and their choices to delay marriage, including: opposing marriage ideology, using humor, gaining social support, and attaching to religious values and rituals.
Introduction: Singlehood as a Global Phenomenon
In the United States since the 1970s, 50 percent of marriages end in divorce (Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan, 2000). However, over the last 20 years the divorce rate has demonstrated a downward trend (Miller, 2014, Wong, 2014). This does not mean however that marriage quality has improved. The decreasing divorce trend parallels the delayed age of marriage (US Census Bureau, 2015), the increase in cohabitation (Copen et al., 2012, Daugherty and Copen, 2016), and the rising proportion of individuals choosing not to marry (US Census Bureau, 2016). A similar pattern can also be found in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016), Europe (Corselli-Nordblad & Gereoffy, 2015), and many Asian countries (Jones & Yeung, 2014). Marriage, which traditionally has been an expected norm for adults, is now apparently regarded as less desirable
Indonesia is following the global trend regarding singlehood (Situmorang, 2007). Although the proportion of singles is not as great as in neighboring countries such as Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore (see Figure 1), the number of singles in Indonesia is increasing (Hull, 2002, Jones, 2010).
the most recent national census data in 2010 suggests a gradual increase in number of single women aged 35–39 years, being 3.8 percent (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2010a), from 1.4 percent in 1970 and 3.5 percent in 2000 (Jones, 2010). This suggests a nearly threefold increase in the never-married adult population within the last four decades. Moreover, the National Statistical Bureau noted that the mean age at marriage for women was 22.3 years and for men was 25.7 years in 2010 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2010a); while in 1970 women began to marry at age 19 years, and men at age 23 years (Jones, 2010). This indicates a trend toward delayed age of marriage for both genders and an increase in the time people may remain single.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452315117301698#bib73
R/ Read bold textAbstract
The single lifestyle has become prevalent in Indonesia, whose society strongly upholds the universality of marriage. The societal view of marriage is favorable despite the growth of individualism and the erosion of many conservative values as a result of modernization and globalization. Being single past the social normed marriage age is perceived as deviant in Indonesia. Yet the number of singles delaying marriage or choosing not to marry is increasing and following international trends. People in this category are often defined negatively and may be subjected to derogation. This review examines the relationship between modernization, including online technology, and explores various coping strategies in managing social stigma. The method of this narrative review used a set of criteria to identify relevant contemporary studies mainly published over the last 15 years and discusses the findings and implications of the literature. The findings revealed that the impacts of modernization are inevitable and are changing younger people's values and expectations of marriage leading to a delay in marriage or choosing not to marry. This occurs despite the persistence of conservative social values that maintain a strong pressure toward marriage. Singles opt to develop a number of strategies for managing the tension between traditional social values and their choices to delay marriage, including: opposing marriage ideology, using humor, gaining social support, and attaching to religious values and rituals.
Introduction: Singlehood as a Global Phenomenon
In the United States since the 1970s, 50 percent of marriages end in divorce (Hetherington & Stanley-Hagan, 2000). However, over the last 20 years the divorce rate has demonstrated a downward trend (Miller, 2014, Wong, 2014). This does not mean however that marriage quality has improved. The decreasing divorce trend parallels the delayed age of marriage (US Census Bureau, 2015), the increase in cohabitation (Copen et al., 2012, Daugherty and Copen, 2016), and the rising proportion of individuals choosing not to marry (US Census Bureau, 2016). A similar pattern can also be found in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016), Europe (Corselli-Nordblad & Gereoffy, 2015), and many Asian countries (Jones & Yeung, 2014). Marriage, which traditionally has been an expected norm for adults, is now apparently regarded as less desirable
Indonesia is following the global trend regarding singlehood (Situmorang, 2007). Although the proportion of singles is not as great as in neighboring countries such as Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore (see Figure 1), the number of singles in Indonesia is increasing (Hull, 2002, Jones, 2010).
the most recent national census data in 2010 suggests a gradual increase in number of single women aged 35–39 years, being 3.8 percent (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2010a), from 1.4 percent in 1970 and 3.5 percent in 2000 (Jones, 2010). This suggests a nearly threefold increase in the never-married adult population within the last four decades. Moreover, the National Statistical Bureau noted that the mean age at marriage for women was 22.3 years and for men was 25.7 years in 2010 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2010a); while in 1970 women began to marry at age 19 years, and men at age 23 years (Jones, 2010). This indicates a trend toward delayed age of marriage for both genders and an increase in the time people may remain single.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452315117301698#bib73
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