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Brilliant meta-analysis paper on the biases associated with physical attraction

Crispr_cas9

Crispr_cas9

Greycel
Joined
Nov 20, 2017
Posts
38
The attachment includes the whole edition related to attraction research. I am mainly looking at the meta analysis on the first page titled Explaining financial and prosocial biases in favor of attractive people: Interdisciplinary perspectives from economics, social psychology, and evolutionary psychology

16 pages but again as a person into looks theory for several years (from social interaction and psychological research to surgical and biological research) I will be referring to this if inceltear and normies want to deny facts. 

Link to paper to view
Key things I liked:

Biases in favor of attractive individuals in the labor market and in social transactions in everyday life

A particularly effective research approach for documenting the advantage of attractive people in the job application and interview process involves sending curricula vitae (CVs) with photos of attractive and unattractive men and women to firms that have advertised job openings (e.g., Busetta et al. 2013; Lopez Boo et al. 2013; Ruffle & Shtudiner 2015). In one recent study using this approach, Busetta et al. (2013) sent 11,008 CVs to 1,542 job openings in Italy. They sent the same CV eight times to each job opening: In four cases, they included a photograph of the alleged applicant (as an attractive man, an unattractive man, an attractive woman, or an unattractive woman), whereas in the other four cases no photo was included. Callback rates were significantly higher for attractive women and men when compared with unattractive women and men (attractive women, 54%; unattractive women, 7%; attractive men, 47%; unattractive men, 26%) and with applicants without photos (39%)

physical attractiveness is also known to be a significant predictor of career advancement and promotions (Chung & Leung 1988; Hosoda et al. 2003; Jackson 1983; Marlowe et al. 1996; Morrow et al. 1990; Ross & Ferris 1981).

. Finally, a growing number of studies have reported that attractive individuals earn higher wages than unattractive individuals (Biddle & Hamermesh 1998; Fletcher 2009; Frieze et al. 1991; Hamermesh & Biddle 1994; Hamermesh et al. 2002; Harper 2000; Johnston 2010; Roszell et al. 1989

Effects of sex on financial and prosocial biases in favor of attractive individuals

. The biases in favor of attractive, lower-level female employees in the labor market are presumably linked to the overrepresentation of men in positions of power, including positions in which hiring, promotion, and salary decisions are made (e.g., Cash & Kilcullen 1985; French 2002). In fact, studies have shown that when employers are women, attractive female job candidates are less likely to be hired than unattractive ones, a phenomenon that is usually explained in terms of jealousy and envy related to samesex competition (Agthe et al. 2010; 2011; 2014; Luxen & Van de Vijver 2006; Ruffle & Shtudiner 2015); some evidence for this also exists for men, as reported by Agthe et al. (2010; 2011).

Subsequent fMRI studies have provided further evidence that exposure to attractive faces stimulates activity in brain regions known to be involved in processing rewarding stimuli. O’Doherty et al. (2003) showed that activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex occurred when subjects were not explicitly assessing faces for attractiveness, suggesting that the response is automatic. Although the effects of attractive faces on activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex were similar in males and females and for both same-sex and opposite-sex faces, there was signifi- cantly greater activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (a brain region implicated in affective-decision making and in responsiveness to sexual stimuli) in response to opposite-sex attractive faces in males than in females

Emotional and neural responses to visual exposure to attractive faces

It has long been known or suspected that exposure to physically attractive individuals is rewarding and generates that their study provided evidence for a neural basis for the “beautiful is good” stereotype. Furthermore, in a related study, the same authors provided evidence that attractive faces not only capture more attention and interest, but also are easier to remember. Specifically, Tsukiura and Cabeza (2011a) reported that better memory for attractive faces reflects greater interaction between a region associated with reward, the orbitofrontal cortex, and a region associated with successful memory encoding, the hippocampus

Mating motives in human social transactions and their psychological and physiological mechanisms

  • Men
In a pioneering study, Roney (2003) reported that in men, exposure to women either in person or through photos can prime large changes in attitudes, mood, and self-perceived personality traits. These changes are such that men show greater conformity to female mate preferences (e.g., preferences for men with resources who are willing to invest in their partners, through acts of generosity). Men exposed to women report higher valuations of material wealth, greater momentary feelings of ambition, higher valuations of indicators of high social status, and greater extraversion and generosity These changes occur unconsciously. Roney (2003) argued that cues from potential mates prime psychological representations that facilitate the behavioral expression of courtship tactics. 

In subsequent studies, Roney et al. (2003; 2007) also showed that in men, a brief casual conversation with a moderately attractive woman produces an increase in salivary concentrations of testosterone (see also Van der Meij et al. 2008). Recently, Zilioli et al. (2014) reported that the mere exposure to faces of women (but not of men) increases men’s testosterone, regardless of the emotional expressions of these faces. Increased testosterone in men may enhance their behavioral courtship displays toward women, including humorous flirting, representing themselves in a favorable light, or displaying wealth, high social status, or generosity.

  • Women
A large body of research on men’s and women’s mating strategies has shown that women are more selective than men in their choice of mating partners and of the circumstances in which sexual interactions can take place (e.g., Buss 2003).

...although both men’s and women’s short-term mating strategies include pursuing casual sex with attractive partners, women are much more discriminating about the circumstances in which casual sex may take place than are men. For example, in a study in which campus students were approached by an attractive person of the opposite sex and asked a question – “Hi, I’ve been noticing you around town lately, and I find you very attractive. Would you have sex with me?” – 75% of men answered yes, whereas 0% of the women gave a positive answer (Clarke & Hatfield 1989).

. In so far as women find physically attractive men appealing as potential mating partners and their mating motivation is active, one can expect positive behavioral biases toward attractive men.
 

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