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Aesthetic Injustice - Journal of Business Ethics
In business as elsewhere, “ugly people” are treated worse than ”pretty people.” Why is this so? This article investigates the ethics of aesthetic injustice by addressing four questions: 1. What is aesthetic injustice? 2. How does aesthetic injustice play out? 3. What are the characteristics that...
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Aesthetic Injustice - Journal of Business Ethics
In business as elsewhere, “ugly people” are treated worse than ”pretty people.” Why is this so? This article investigates the ethics of aesthetic injustice by addressing four questions: 1. What is aesthetic injustice? 2. How does aesthetic injustice play out? 3. What are the characteristics that...

Aesthetic Injustice: An Ethical Examination
Introduction
In his article "Aesthetic Injustice," published in the Journal of Business Ethics on March 31, 2023, Bjørn Hofmann examines the ethical implications of unfair treatment based on individuals' physical appearance. He introduces the term aesthetic injustice to describe various forms of discrimination arising from aesthetic judgments.Defining Aesthetic Injustice
Hofmann defines aesthetic injustice as the unfair treatment of individuals due to their physical appearance. This concept includes both negative treatment of those deemed unattractive and preferential treatment of those considered attractive. By establishing this term, Hofmann provides a comprehensive framework that unites various forms of appearance-based discrimination, such as lookism, heightism, and sizeism, emphasizing their moral implications.Manifestations of Aesthetic Injustice
Hofmann identifies several ways in which aesthetic injustice affects individuals:- Social Exclusion and Discrimination: Those perceived as unattractive may be excluded from social groups or professional opportunities, leading to diminished social capital and career prospects.
- Stigmatization and Stereotyping: Negative stereotypes associated with physical appearance can result in prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors, further marginalizing affected individuals.
- Harassment and Bullying: Individuals deemed unattractive often face bullying or harassment in both personal and professional settings, causing psychological distress.
- Economic Disparities: Research has shown that physical appearance influences hiring decisions, salary levels, and promotion opportunities, contributing to economic inequality.
Physical Characteristics Leading to Unjust Treatment
Hofmann discusses specific physical traits that frequently trigger aesthetic injustice:- Deviation from Established Norms: Individuals who do not align with widely accepted aesthetic ideals often experience bias and unfair treatment.
- Lack of Averageness: Features that significantly diverge from the average in a population can lead to perceptions of unattractiveness.
- Asymmetry and Disproportion: Physical asymmetry or disproportionate features are often judged negatively, contributing to aesthetic bias.
Underlying Causes of Aesthetic Injustice
Hofmann explores several mechanisms that perpetuate aesthetic injustice:- Prejudice: Deep-seated biases against certain appearances result in unfair treatment. For example, individuals with obesity often face societal discrimination rooted in negative attitudes toward body weight.
- Logical Fallacies: Erroneous reasoning, such as associating unattractiveness with negative personal qualities, perpetuates aesthetic injustice. This flawed logic unjustly links physical appearance with moral or intellectual worth.
- Psychological Biases: Cognitive biases, like the halo effect, where positive traits are assumed based on appearance, result in unfair advantages for attractive individuals and disadvantages for those deemed unattractive.
- Disease-Avoidance Mechanism: Evolutionary instincts may lead people to subconsciously associate certain physical features with illness, resulting in avoidance behaviors and discrimination.